Psychology 101 Prelim 2 Fall 03 
Print your LAST NAME, then FIRST NAME and STUDENT ID NUMBER on the answer sheet and darken the corresponding circles. We cannot give you credit for your exam unless you darken a correct name and ID number. Do your own work; cheating will be penalized by an automatic failure in the course. This is version 2. No credit will be given for poor erasure marks. Answers will be posted on the 101 website today; grades will be posted on the website within a few days. Time limit is 50 minutes.
	Answer: 	
1.	Increasing the intensity of a stimulus above the threshold will not similarly increase the intensity of a neural response to that stimulus. This highlights the nature of the:
	A.	synaptic gap.
	B.	myelin sheath.
	C.	reward deficiency syndrome.
	D.	all-or-none response.
	E.	glial cells.
	Answer: 	D

2.	The brainstem is to arousal as the limbic system is to:
	A.	emotion.
	B.	muscular coordination.
	C.	respiration.
	D.	language comprehension.
	Answer: 	A

3.	If a fraternal twin becomes schizophrenic, the likelihood of the other twin developing  serious  mental illness is much lower than with identical twins. This suggests that:
	A.	schizophrenia is caused by genes.
	B.	schizophrenia is influenced by genes.
	C.	environment is unimportant in the development of schizophrenia.
	D.	identical twins are especially vulnerable to mental disorders.
	Answer: 	B

4.	Genes are to the perpetuation of individuals as memes are to the perpetuation of:
	A.	stereotypes.
	B.	cultures.
	C.	races.
	D.	schemas.
	Answer: 	B

5.	Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that:
	A.	very few people can actually be hypnotized.
	B.	people who are most easily hypnotized usually have difficulty paying attention to their own  personal thoughts and feelings.
	C.	how well a person responds to hypnotic suggestion depends primarily on the skill and  experience of the hypnotist.
	D.	people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have rich fantasy lives.
	Answer: 	D

6.	After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Katrina experienced vivid visual  hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Katrina most likely  experienced the effects of:
	A.	cocaine.
	B.	LSD.
	C.	heroin.
	D.	marijuana.
	Answer: 	B

7.	Subliminally presented stimuli:
	A.	can sometimes be consciously perceived.
	B.	effectively influence purchases of consumer goods.
	C.	increase our dislike for certain geometric figures.
	D.	are usually mentally processed as completely as any other stimuli.
	Answer: 	A

8.	When looking at the hands of a clock signifying 8 oÕclock, certain brain cells in the visual  cortex are more responsive than if the hands signify 10 oÕclock. This is most indicative of:
	A.	sensory interaction.
	B.	feature detection.
	C.	parallel processing.
	D.	sensory interaction.
	E.	accommodation.
	Answer: 	B

9.	As a rock musician who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude music, Rodney  is beginning to lose his hearing. It is most likely that this hearing loss involves problems in  the:
	A.	auditory canal.
	B.	eardrum.
	C.	tiny bones of the middle ear.
	D.	cochlea.
	Answer: 	D

10.	The opponent-process theory is to our sense of color as the gate-control theory is to our sense  of:
	A.	pitch.
	B.	smell.
	C.	equilibrium.
	D.	kinesthesis.
	E.	pain.
	Answer: 	E

11.	Holding two index fingers in front of the eyes can create the perception of a floating finger  sausage.  This best illustrates the effect of:
	A.	convergence.
	B.	relative clarity.
	C.	retinal disparity.
	D.	interposition.
	E.	visual capture.
	Answer: 	C

12.	Caroline claims that she often has dreams that predict future events. She claims to have the power  of:
	A.	telepathy.
	B.	clairvoyance.
	C.	precognition.
	D.	psychokinesis.
	Answer: 	C

13.	Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.
	A.	UCR; CR
	B.	CS; UCR
	C.	UCS; UCR
	D.	CS; UCS
	E.	UCS; CR
	Answer: 	D

14.	An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a(n):
	A.	conditioned stimulus.
	B.	respondent.
	C.	unconditioned stimulus.
	D.	reinforcer.
	E.	operant.
	Answer: 	D

15.	Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This  illustrates the importance of:
	A.	delayed reinforcement.
	B.	spontaneous recovery.
	C.	observational learning.
	D.	respondent behavior.
	E.	shaping.
	Answer: 	C

16.	The process of encoding refers to:
	A.	the persistence of learning over time.
	B.	the recall of information previously learned.
	C.	getting information into memory.
	D.	the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
	E.	a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
	Answer: 	C

17.	One day after Halina hears her motherÕs list of 12 grocery items, Halina is most likely to  remember the items ________ of the list.
	A.	at the beginning and end
	B.	at the end
	C.	at the beginning
	D.	in the middle
	Answer: 	C

18.	A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory.
	A.	echoic
	B.	implicit
	C.	iconic
	D.	flashbulb
	Answer: 	C

19.	Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Ariel to recall several  instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Ariel recall provides an example of:
	A.	the spacing effect.
	B.	repression.
	C.	the serial position effect.
	D.	automatic processing.
	E.	priming.
	Answer: 	E

20.	In describing what he calls the seven sins of memory, Daniel Schacter suggests that storage  decay contributes to:
	A.	absent-mindedness.
	B.	repression.
	C.	transience.
	D.	implicit memory.
	Answer: 	C

21.	The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to:
	A.	save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
	B.	yield more accurate solutions to problems.
	C.	minimize the overconfidence phenomenon.
	D.	involve greater reliance on language skills.
	Answer: 	A

22.	Morphemes are:
	A.	the smallest speech units that carry meaning.
	B.	the best examples of particular categories of objects.
	C.	the smallest distinctive sound units of a language.
	D.	rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.
	Answer: 	A

23.	A need refers to:
	A.	a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
	B.	an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a psychological need.
	C.	anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
	D.	a desire to perform a behavior due to rewards or threats of punishment.
	E.	a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of all people.
	Answer: 	A

24.	After two days without eating, Byron is very hungry. At this time it is likely that his blood  glucose level is ________ and his blood insulin level is ________.
	A.	low; low
	B.	low; high
	C.	high; high
	D.	high; low
	Answer: 	B

25.	The refractory period is:
	A.	the moment before orgasm during which sexual arousal is maintained at a fairly high level.
	B.	the stage of the sexual response cycle during which sexual excitation reaches its climax.
	C.	the span of the monthly female reproductive cycle during which ovulation occurs.
	D.	the time span after orgasm during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm.
	Answer: 	D

26.	Participative management is to ________ as directive management is to ________.
	A.	extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation
	B.	theory Y; theory X
	C.	task leadership; social leadership
	D.	controlling rewards; informative rewards
	Answer: 	B

27.	(PsychSim: The Auditory System) The stimulus energy underlying your experience of sound involves continuous changes in:
	A.	wave frequency.
	B.	wave amplitude.
	C.	waveform.
	D.	air pressure.
	E.	timbre.
	Answer: 	D

28.	(PsychSim: Visual Illusions) In the horizontal/vertical illusion, most people perceive a ________ line as ________.
	A.	horizontal; longer than an equally long vertical line
	B.	vertical; less distant than an equally distant horizontal line
	C.	horizontal; straighter than an equally straight vertical line
	D.	vertical; longer than an equally long horizontal line
	E.	horizontal; more distant than an equally distant vertical line
	Answer: 	D

29.	In his article "How Advertising Can Use Psychology's Rules Of Learning," Britt applies all of the following principles to advertising except:
	A.	subliminal presentation of stimuli can effect a viewer subconsciously
	B.	learning something new can interfere with the remembering of something learned earlier
	C.	learning is aided by active practice rather than by passive reception
	D.	it is easier to recognize something than to recall it
	E.	points presented at the beginning and end of the message are remembered better than those in the middle
	Answer: 	A

30.	In his article ("How to..Uh..Remember!") Bower states that the method of loci is:
	A.	grouping words with pegwords
	B.	making phrases out of the first letters of each word
	C.	grouping words with specific familiar locations
	D.	not really a mnemonic device
	Answer: 	C

31.	With reference to belief in Psi:
	A.	the college educated public are less likely to believe than the American public in general.
	B.	psychologists are more likely to believe than humanists.
	C.	extraordinary claims seem to require extraordinary proof, at least in the minds of skeptics.
	D.	the ganzfeld experiments do not offer any evidence that Psi exists.
	Answer: 	C

32.	A test may be:
	A.	valid as a predictor, but not reliable
	B.	highly reliable and have low face validity
	C.	highly reliable and have no predictive validity
	D.	answers b and c are correct
	Answer: 	D

33.	The "Fast Talker" test correlates with success as a used car salesman (r= .60). This means that:
	A.	60% of the variance is accounted for (i.e. there is 60% correspondence between the predictor and criterion).
	B.	36% of the variance is accounted for
	C.	the test has high personal validity
	D.	the test has no reliability
	Answer: 	B

34.	If a research subject in the control group increases his performance in response to competition, it is evidence of the ______ effect.
	A.	Hawthorne
	B.	John Henry
	C.	Kevin Dan
	D.	Ladd
	Answer: 	B

35.	The differences between the results of the Hite survey and the ABC News survey on marital infidelity can best be attributed to:
	A.	the wording of the survey questions
	B.	the sampling method
	C.	naturalistic observation vs. systematic assessment
	D.	the area of the country in which the respondents lived
	E.	gender
	Answer: 	B

36.	The film "Facilitative Communication with Autistic Children" demonstrated that: 
	A.	the children lacked verbal skills, but were found to possess quite normal intelligence.
	B.	experimenter expectancy biased the results and claims of the facilitation studies.
	C.	facilitative communication works well; austistic children often have high IQs.
	D.	sign language was the key to unlocking the autistic mind.
	Answer: 	B

37.	All of the following are rating errors except the:
	A.	error of leniency
	B.	error of central tendency
	C.	Hawthorne effect
	D.	Halo effect
	E.	contrast effect
	Answer: 	C

38.	The _____size of an afterimage is directly related to its ____distance.
	A.	convergent, actual
	B.	perceived, apparent
	C.	actual, convergent
	D.	relative, proximal
	Answer: 	B

39.	Which of the following is FALSE?
	A.	two identical physical objects, the same size and the same distance from the retina, must have the same proximal stimulus size.
	B.	if two objects are of equal size and are the same distance from the retina, the one that looks farther away will be perceived as smaller
	C.	humans can adapt to prism goggles that displace their visual field
	D.	the size of the retinal image varies inversely with the distance of the object from the eye
	Answer: 	B

40.	Which ofthe following is TRUE?
	A.	the apparent movement of a physically stationary point of light in a darkened surround is called the autosuggestion effect.
	B.	rich kids overestimate the size of coins when asked to set an iris to be equal in size to coins in their hands; poor kids underestimate the size.
	C.	a tall person is often perceived to make more money than a short person.
	D.	being a smart lawyer for a defendant, you should request that the judge instruct the jury that "the defendant must be considered innocent until proven guilty" immediately after (not before) the evidence and testimony have been heard.
	Answer: 	C

41.	Some experimental support for nativism in perception is offered by:
	A.	experiments involving humans wearing prisms
	B.	experiments involving sensory deprivation of infant chimpanzees
	C.	experiments involving measuring reactions of infants on the "visual cliff"
	D.	A and B are true
	Answer: 	C

42.	Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt law of spontaneous organization?
	A.	similarity
	B.	closure
	C.	custom or past experience
	D.	good continuation
	E.	motion parallax
	Answer: 	E

43.	Results of most experiments on subliminal perception (such as the values experiment and the "taboo" word experiment) can best be explained by:
	A.	perceptual offense theory
	B.	the theory of partial cues
	C.	a theory that accounts for the word familiarity and word length
	D.	perceptual constancy theory
	E.	both B and C are correct
	Answer: 	E

44.	The class demonstration on rumor transmission illustrated:
	A.	leveling, sharpening and cultural assimilation
	B.	mental set
	C.	Gestalt laws of verbal organization
	D.	verbal constancy
	Answer: 	A

45.	The "grand experiment" proposed in 1690 actually came to past when medical science developed cataract surgery.  Which of the following categories of investigation did NOT provide support for nativism?
	A.	world perceived with correct orientation
	B.	figure/ground perception
	C.	depth perception
	D.	form perception: distinguishing different shapes from a distance
	Answer: 	D

46.	According to Harold Sackheim's research on facial expressions and being 'two-faced", the right side of the human face is said to be the:
	A.	public face
	B.	private face
	C.	neutral face
	D.	attractive face
	Answer: 	A

47.	In the lecture demonstration of classical conditioning procedures, the whistle served as the (    ) and the lemon as the (   ).
	A.	UCS; CS
	B.	CS; UCR
	C.	CR; CS
	D.	UCS; UCR
	E.	CS; UCS
	Answer: 	E

48.	The time interval between Mark's presentation of a CS and an UCS should be (   ) seconds for maximum response strength.
	A.	1.5
	B.	0.5
	C.	5.0
	D.	0.05
	Answer: 	B

49.	Charlie has been classically conditioned to fear frogs, using a loud noise as the UCS. To extinguish this inappropriate fear one psychologist suggests that Charlie be constantly confronted with frogs in the absence of any UCS.  This technique is known as (   ).
	A.	reciprocal inhibition psychotherapy
	B.	habituation or implosion
	C.	shaping the operant
	D.	spontaneous recovery
	E.	stimulus generalization
	Answer: 	B

50.	Mitch wanted his dog to be highly resistant to extinction of a given CR. Therefore he:
	A.	trained under partial association techniques
	B.	presented the UCS before the CS on learning trials
	C.	presented the UCS and CS simultaneously on learning trials
	D.	used only filet mignon as the UCS, and delivered it each time with the CS
	Answer: 	A