Seasonal optima for grafting of apple

Technique

Season

Conditions

T-budding Late Summer Semi dormant (leaves present, buds dormant), bark slipping
Chip budding Late Summer -Early Fall Semi dormant (leaves present, buds dormant) , bark not necessary slipping
Cleft grafting Early Spring Semi dormant (no leaves, bud swelling pre bud break); scions may be refrigerated to prolong dormancy
Bridge grafting Early Spring Semi dormant (no leaves, bud swelling pre bud break); scions may be refrigerated to prolong dormancy
Whip & Tongue Late Winter Fully dormant (no leaves, dormant buds). Bench grafting; callusing in cold storage at 50F, before spring planting out