Although the vast majority of print media publications failed
to give Harris’s use of Luvox the attention it deserved, a few admirably
bucked the trend. This analysis now addresses the coverage provided
by magazines with high and low susceptibility to advertiser influence.
[Methodology]
Magazines considered to have high susceptibility to advertiser influence
included Time and Newsweek. Over four percent of these weekly national
publications’ content consists of pharmaceutical advertisements.
Following the general media trend, Time and Newsweek devoted many pages
to the Littleton incident, examining the same variety of possible explanations
as newspapers. Time even devoted an entire issue to examining the
Internet and computer games as possible causes of teen violence.
As expected, however, the high advertisement publications failed to note
the significance of Eric Harris’s taking Luvox. Only two
of Newsweek’s 51
articles about Littleton mentioned the drug. Three of Time’s
27
articles mentioned it. Four of these five articles simply noted
that Harris had been taking Luvox for mental problems
without referring to it as a possible cause of his violent behavior.
These mentions were buried in the text, not prominently placed at the beginning
or end of the article, as were speculations about other possible causes.
The fifth article,
in Time, was somewhat misleadingly entitled “Beyond Depression: What Do
Those “Mood Drugs” Really Do?” The quotation marks around “mood drugs”
and use of the word “really” in the headline suggest an article skeptical
of psychotropic drugs. On the contrary, the article describes SSRIs as
“broadly useful” while listing several of their known benefits but none
of their known side effects. More disturbingly, the author asserts
that “there is no evidence that SSRIs themselves cause violent behavior.”
This statement was notable not only because it was untrue
but because it was part of a sentence about supposed “earlier . . . attempts
to link Luvox to the Colorado school shootings.” In fact, Time never attempted
to link Luvox to the Colorado school shootings. Nor, as previously discussed,
did almost any other media outlet. Although it is impossible to prove intent,
the mysterious mention of these “previous attempts,” in conjunction with
the claim that SSRIs have not been proven to cause violence, could only
serve to insulate readers against any such arguments they might encounter
in the future. The high advertisement magazines either obscured Luvox’s
role in the shootings or ignored it altogether.
In contrast to the spotty and misleading treatment Time and Newsweek
gave Harris’ use of Luvox, the publications chosen for having low susceptibility
to advertiser influence used forceful language that directly implicated
psychotropic drugs as a potential cause of both the Littleton shootings
and other well-publicized incidents of violence. One
of the nine articles about Littleton in Insight on the News suggested Luvox
as a causal factor in the shooting. The word “Luvox” appeared prominently
in the headline and the language asserting SSRIs as a possible cause was
as strong as language describing other factors. Recently, Insight
on the News ran a special
report warning that SSRIs are dangerous and even quoting a source
who "would have no problem testifying in court to the fact that the psychotropic
drug Harris was taking played a role in why he did the shooting."
The other
Insight articles that focused on Littleton each discussed one of several
of the other possible explanations, comprising well-balanced overall coverage.
The other magazine judged to have little advertising
influence, Formulary, contained only one
article about Littleton. To discuss the FDA’s plans to encourage
more pediatric drug research, the article suggested Harris’s off-label
use of “an antidepressant” to treat his obsessive compulsive disorder was
“linked to the Littleton (CO) high school shootings in April.” As
in Insight, the article in Formulary prominently and directly discussed
the possible link between SSRIs and violence. No
magazine with a high susceptibility to influence from pharmaceutical
advertisers named Luvox as a possible cause of the Littleton tragedy.
The discrepancy between publications with high and low advertising strongly
suggests that advertiser pressure prevented most media outlets from raising
questions vital to public health.
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