Mintzberg, H., and Van der Heyden, L. "Organigraphs: Drawing
how companies really work," in Harvard Business Review, September-October
1999, pp. 87-94.

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Q = What is the goal of making an organigraph?

A = to get rid of the org chart with its list of names, titles, and perceived hierarchies. Instead, the organigraph depicts the company: its processes, critical interactions, and relationships. This new way of mapping allows one to understand the company, itself, not simply the names of its employees.

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Question: What is the core competence of the company?
A: The primary core competence is people development. The most important job
for senior manager is to ensure that the right person is in charge of field
operations.  A second core competence is business development.

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Question: What are the four philosophies of managing?
Answer: (1) Set - managers look over everyone, they allocate
    (2) Chain - managers control
    (3) Hub - managers draw everyone to them, and they coordinate
    (4) Web - managers link everyone together and create movement and
energy within the group

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Q:  What are the four organizational components of an organigraph and what
are the managerial philosophies at each level?

A:  The four components are a set, chain, hub and web.  A set consists of
items that usually share common resources but otherwise they are on their
own.  Managers in sets tend to allocate.  A chain consists of items/groups
that connect.  Managers in chains control.  A hub serves as a coordinating
center or any physical or conceptual point where people, things, or
information move.  Managers in hub coordinate.  Webs are grids with no
center that allow open-ended communication and continuous movement of
people and ideas.  Managers in webs energize. 

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Q: Why are some people very resistent to give up traditional org charts
in exchange for organigraphs?
A: it is hard to accept the notion of giving up hierarchical arrangements
of names and titles to which one can directly go to with a problem.

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Q: What are the four philosophies of managing?
A: Set, chain, hub, and web.

What is an organigraph and what is it's significance?

An organigraph is an organizational chart without showing individual or their positions.  Webs and hubs used in the chart helps shows a reflection how organization work today through the interaction among people, products and information. They are maps that provide an overview of a company's territory.

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Q: How can managers play roles in Orginigraph?
A:
§ In the set, managers over see the divisions to
allocate the employees
§ In the chain, they keep the operation clear and
orderly, control it in the proper way
§ In the hub, who coordinate the arrays of service at
the center is manager
§ In the web, managers facilitate collaboration and
energize the whole network

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Q: What's the benefits of organigraph?
A: It introduces new components called hubs and
webs-forms that we believe reflect the varied ways
people organize themselves at work today. It has been
able to demonstrate how a place works, depicting
critical interactions among people, products, and
information.

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Q. Describe four distinct areas of operation within the nonprofit in the exhibit “Organigraph of Medecins Sans Frontieres” .
A.
· A national office coordinates resources available for relief operations
· That office also assembles those resources at the time of a particular relief operation
· A chain transfers the relief resources from the national office to the hospital site
· That hospital then delivers health care
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Q: What are the components of an organigraph and what are its benefits over an
org chart?

A: An organigraph is a non-traditional method of graphically showing how a
organization works.  Instead of showing the hierarchy of a business by its
positions, it actually depicts actions, methods, processes for
manufacturing, producing, or creating a product.  The components are set,
chain, hub, and web.  A set is represented by an arrow and stands for
machinery or people.  The chain is composed of squares connected by arrows,
or sets.  It shows a progression.  The assembly line is a perfect example
where a product passes through stations to its final stages.  The hub is a
coordinating center or a focal point.  Sets converge there and also leave
there (importing and exporting from a warehouse).  Numerous hubs connected
in a network represents a web.  While the org chart only show who reports
to who and who is higher on the payscale, it really provides no valueble
information as to what goes on each day.  The organigraph is a much more
creative method that ignores hierarchy.  In the example of the newspaper
company, it shows how the final product is created through tunnel
diagram.  The evolution of ideas come from society to the different parts
of the paper (news, ads, pictures, comics)  and then they are edited and
laid out and eventually distributed. 

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Q:  Describe the four philosophies of managing and what element of an organigraph they relate to.

A:  Set - Managers allocate tasks to each separate portion of the set.  In this case they are more like organizers, who divvy up work to each division.
Chain - Managers hold the chain of command over the chain of operations.  It is clear and orderly and management exists primarily to control the workforce.
Hub - Managers work on the same level as the workers.  They are positioned in the center of the hub and coordinate what goes in and out of their hub.
Web - Managers do not have a specific place in the web.  They in fact move throughout the web, making a concerted effort to link each portion of the web togehter.

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In discussing the four philosophies of managing, (set,
chain, hub, web)what  two philosophies  do Mr.'s
Mintzberg and Vander Heyden feel the most strongly
about when stating that these will serve as a tool to
allow management to reconize its place as a servant of
the organization rather that its purpose?

These would  be the web and hub philosophies of
managing.


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Question:  What is the purpose of a hub?
Answer:  A hub serves as a coordinating center.  they depict movement to
and from one focal point.