LINKS
| L01 |
Introduction to Neuroethology. To find out more about the lives of Lorenz, vonFrisch, and Tinbergen, see Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1973.If you are interested in a course in Ethology, check out the HUMAN ETHOLOGY Course at MIT. It is open, and free. For more information in WIKIPEDIA, please see the main page for this online resource. See also, NEUROETHOLOGY and NEUROSCIENCE as examples of entries. Wikipedia has suggestions on how to write effective articles in their GUIDE section. |
| L02 |
Roots in Ethology . Illustrations of concepts from Ethology are well represented by the website SALMON (University of Plymouth, England) The site is devoted to Study And Learning Materials On Line. There is a good discussion of the history of ethology concepts and their place today. To see the video of Tritonia escape, see William Frost's website at the Rosalind Franklin University in Chicago. For more films about Fiddler Crabs, check out the UCA site on Fiddler Crab Waving. Click here to see the Video of the egg-retreival response of the greylag goose. For more on Lorenz's history see Lorenz (Wikipedia). Ethologists Lorenz and Tinbergen were criticized by the American biologist, Daniel S. Lehrman in a well-know "Critique of Konrad Lorenz's Theory of Instinctive Behavior". Lehrman's writing changed the scientific course of history and led ultimately to reexamination and refinement of many of the original concepts from Ethology. Lehrman's article, now available on-line, is an excellent summary of Lorenz and critique of the problems with the instinct theory. A particularly stimulating discussion of the history of Ethology and an early proposal for the Scope of Neuroethology was written by Graham Hoyle (1984). Excellent review of all concepts discussed in lecture today. |
| L03 |
Roots in Cellular Neurobiology. In his Nobel Prize lecture, Camio Golgi wrote "I have chosen this subject {the neuron theory} as the subject of my lecture, and that it comes at a time when this doctrine is generally re-cognized to be going out of favor. " You may be surprised to read how strongly Golgi and Cajal disagreed on the Neuron theory until you read this. Fortunately, you may find a concise statement of the neuron theory in Cajal's speech, given the same year's Nobel ceremony (1906). |
| 04 |
Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies. To link to the home page of the authors, see Jayne Yack, Elizabeth Kalko, and Annmarie Surlykke. To read Roeder's classic 1962 paper on the responses of moths to ultrasound, see the Animal Behavior reprint. |
| L05 |
Echolocation I. For a brief history of bat echolocation, see Griffin's Return to the Magic Well: Echolocation Behavior of Bats and Responses of Insect Prey from BioOne. See Wikipedia for notes on echolocation. For a brief biography of Griffin, see the Jim Simmons essay. For more on Cuvier's touch receptors, see the recent work of John Zook on tactile receptors on the bat wing. For a nice overview of bat echolocation, read Brock Fenton's article in Bat Conservation International News. For bat poems, see especially J. D. Pye's poem published in Nature). For information on the oilbird, see this site. See Wikipedia entry on oilbirds. For a Griffin & Suthers paper on the New Guinea cave swiftlett, see Biological Bulletin . For an introduction into the ecology of echolocation, see article by Schnitzler and Kalko. |
| L06 |
Echolocation II. Check out details on bat phylogeny, systematics, and ecology at Nancy Simons' web site. The audio examples used in lecture are part of a larger collection that is available commercially through Bat Conservation International (BCI). The Museum of Southwestern Biology (Univ. New Mexico) has created an extensive Bat Call Library for distribution of sounds of various species of bats. If you are a real fan, and decide to make recordings of bats yourself, there is a lot of information about bat detectors, software and other analysis techniques. Ultrasonic detectors, of which there are several (1, 2 , 3, 4) are available commercially. The Tree of Life site provides an introduction to the relationships of bats with other mammals and vertebrates.
For more information on the physics of sound, see the Soundry, a web site devoted to understanding the nature of sound. For a good animation of the compression of sound waves when a sound source moves (i.e.the Doppler Effect, see this animation created for physics students at the National Taiwan Normal University. You may want to play with the sound spectrogram used in lecture. One excellent one is called SYRINX, mainly used for sound analysis and playback, is available throught the Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell. |
| L07 |
Discussion: Ulanovsky & Moss (2007). |
| L08 |
Echolocation III: Doppler Shift Compensation. Doppler shift compensation was discovered by H. Ulrich Schnitzler in 1968 --Schnitzler, H. U. (1968). Die Ultraschallortungslaute der Hufeisennasen-
Fledermäuse (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) in verschiedenen
Orientierungssituationen. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 57, 376–408.
The neural mechanisms of Doppler shift compensation have been recently studied by Metzner et al (2002) - see also citations in M etzner et al. The work on Rhinolophus discussed in lecture was inspired by the discoveries of Gerhard Neuweiler (1915-2008) who was professor of Zoology at the University of Munich. Read his biography from Current Science.
Much of the work on the auditory cortex of the mustache bat, Pteronotus was done by Nobuo Suga from Washington University in St. Louis. Suga was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1998 for his important work on comparative neurobiology of the auditory system of echolocating bats. To compare the bat's auditory system with that of human, see the human auditory pathway as diagrammed in color in this CIBA medical illustration. For a picture of Pteronotus parnelli, see the Univ. Michigan photo site. Cindy Moss has a good web page on bat echolocation. |
L11
L12 |
Sound Localization. See a biography of Peter Marler, who discovered convergent evolution of alarm calls in birds. Here is the original paper by Knudsen, Blasdel and Konishi on the behavioral analysis of sound localization. It demonstrates the ballistic movement of the owl in response to sound.
Visit the HHMI site for a paper on the map of auditory space, written by Eric Knudsen. Visit Tom Yin's lab site for neurophysiology movies including one of the Jeffress Model.
Visit Catherine Carr's web site for details on her recent publications following the development of sound localization in owls. View this video interview with Mark Konishi made at the U.C.S.D. (with Nick Spitzer). The first part of the video is about birdsong and at about 20:00 minute mark into the video, he talks about discovery of the space map in the brain of the owl.
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| L15 |
Temporal Processing in Linear Systems. Temporal analysis. To appreciate the convolution equation, see the 'joy of convolution' site put together at Johns Hopkins University. The above site is a 'discrete time' version, you may wish to see a continuous convolution, which uses the integral form of the equation. All of the above are written by Dr. Wilson Rugh. For some examples of Fourier analysis and musical tones, see their Fourier demo pages. To find out more about Limulus, and about Keffer Hartline, see this web site devoted to the neuroethology of Limulus vision. Ever wonder how those music synthesizers are able to make such cool sounding changes to music, like reverb and megabass? It's done by convolving sounds with an impulse response of the acoustic space. |
| L17 |
Spatial Processing in Vision. |
| L18 |
Feature Detectors in Toad Vision. Two early papers on frog vision hinted at complex "bug-detector" neurons in the frog retina. See Barlow (1953), also, see Jerome Lettvin et al., (1959) What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain. Review the film of the Toad feature detector study by J. Peter Ewert. See Wikipedia/Neuroethology for our article on toad vision. |
L33 |
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity. Patrick Roberts has produced an excellent power point presentation on the spike timing dependent plasticity of the mormyrid ELL. |
| L38 |
Spatial Navigation in Rats. The hippocampus was implicated for a role in memory formation by the complete loss of episodic memory by the human patient, H.M. as described by Brenda Milner. Hear an interview with. Listen to the NPR radio broadcast of old interviews between HM and Brenda Milner on the NPR Website.
Check out the recent issue of Nature that presents Christopher D. Harvey, Forrest Collman, Daniel A. Dombeck & David W. Tank's 2009 study of hippocampus neuron firing, recorded intracellularly during navigation through a virtual reality environment. Listen to the October 15th (2009) podcast of David Tank's lab report on this study and see the video of the mouse running through a virtual maze to reach a goal. |
International Society for Neuroethology 
Books on Neuroethology (Reserve books are held in Mann Library)
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Zupanc GKH (2004) Behavioral Neurobiology: an integrative approach. Oxford Press. |
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Carew T (2000) Behavioral Neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior. Sinauer Associates. |
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Camhi J (1984) Neuroethology: Nerve Cells and the Natural Behavior of Animals. Sinauer Associates. |
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Ewert, J-P (1982) Neuroethology: An Introduction to the Neurophysiological Fundamentals of Behaviour.. Springer -Verlag. New York. |
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Young, David (1989) Nerve cells and animal behaviour. Cambridge University Press. New York. |
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Roeder, Kenneth D. (1967) Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA. |
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Heiligenberg, W. (1990) Neural Nets in Electric Fish. Computational Neuroscience Series, T. J. Sejnowski and T. A. Poggio, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. |
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Hughes, Howard (1999) Sensory Exotica. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass. |
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Beer, R.D. R.E. Ritzmann and T. McKenna (1993) Neurobiological neural networks in invertebrate neuroethology and robotics. Academic Press. |
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Reserve; Check with Mann Library circulation desk for the items listed above. |
Journals for Neuroethology
All of these journals are available through the Cornell University Library Portal.
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